Crystals grow when something dissolved in a liquid reaches a concentration where it is no longer soluble (we call this supersaturation).
You can try this yourself by dissolving sugar in hot water (keep adding sugar until no more will dissolve). Pour off the liquid into another container and let it cool slowly and you will see crystals form.
Unfortunately proteins usually don’t like being heated up, so we use a method called vapour diffusion instead, but the idea of slowly increasing the concentration is the same.
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