A synchrotron in general is something scientists use to accelerate particles. You can think of it as a very large circle, inside which there are atomic particles moving very fast under vacuum. To make the particles follow a circular path, we put magnets around the ring. When these magnets make the particles change direction, there is emission of radiation and us crystallographers use those beams emitted to study our crystals.
Here is a video for the one in the UK (Diamond): http://youtu.be/_xv_GwCgpAc
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shrinab commented on :
Thank you!